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beginner · 3 MIN READ

Address poisoning explained

A lookalike address can be planted where you expect useful history.

LET’S PICTURE IT

An impostor can place a similar-looking contact card next to a trusted one and hope you copy the wrong card later.

SEE IT FOR YOURSELF
From a public address to a verified signatureStep 1 / 4
From a public address to a verified signaturePublic address0x0000…0001Share to receiveAnother personCan read the addressCannot sign for youPublic identifier ≠ secret authorizationLocal signerPrivate key stays hereSign the chosen requestSigned requestMessage + signatureSecret key not includedThe moving packet represents a signature, not a keySignatureCheck the exact messageCheck the signing contextVerificationAuthorization checkedIntent still mattersValidity and safety are different questionsWallet interfaceReads public dataRequests authorizationNetwork stateBalances and recordsIndependent verificationNo wallet is connected in this local illustration

An address is public receiving information. It is not the private key that authorizes actions.

Animated local teaching model. No wallet, RPC or live blockchain data. Some labels and hashes are abbreviated for readability.

History is not an address book

An attacker can arrange activity or token records involving an address they control. The goal can be to make a lookalike destination appear in a wallet’s recent activity, where a user might later copy it.

Abbreviated displays create an opening

Two addresses can share recognizable starting and ending characters while differing elsewhere. A shortened preview can hide those differences. Passing a format or checksum test does not make the lookalike the intended recipient.

Confirm the intended destination

Use a previously trusted channel to establish the correct full address. Do not promote an unexpected history entry into a trusted recipient simply because it appears near legitimate transactions.

Practice the distinction

The address checker can tell you whether the supplied text has a valid address shape. It cannot establish who controls it. Treat identity confirmation and formatting as separate steps in the payment review.

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Is an unexpected recent-history address automatically safe to reuse?

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Original explanations by EtherTools. Examples are educational and source-linked; this site is independent of the Ethereum Foundation. Our approach.